Comparative reviews on phytochemical components of lt;emgt;Andrographis paniculatalt;/emgt;

Abstract

Comparative study was attempted to investigate the effects of locations (Ibadan 1, India, Ibadan 2 and Malaysia as A, B, C, & D), harvesting periods (January, June and September), drying methods (air, sun and Oven dry) and solvents (Methanol, Ethanol+ Water, Ethyl-acetate, Petroleum ether, Aqeuous/water, on the quality of phytochemicals in A. paniculata using standard methods to determine 9 phytochemicals: Tannins, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids and Carbohydrates. Sample A: had 4 (Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols and Alkaloids, and Tannins, Carbohydrates were slightly present (2), Glycosides, Saponins and Terpenoids were absent. Sample B: all the six phytochemicals Tannins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbonhydrates, Alkaloids and Terpenoids were slightly present. Sample C: 6 phytochemicals were present (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Carbohydrates and Alkaloids), while Carbohydrates was absent Sample D: Tannins, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenols, Alkaloids and Terpenoids were present while Steroids and Carbohydrates were absent. From the study, sample D (Malaysia) had the highest quality of phytochemicals, followed by C; A while B (India) had the least. A. paniculata likes hot humid weather (summer), in Malaysia (June to August) while autumn last from September to December. In Nigeria: April to October while autumn (dry season): November to March, India, April to October to November. All the factors in sample D were observed to be good for the preservation of phytochemicals in the plant. The solvents (Methanol and aqueous), drying methods (Oven drying) and period harvested (early autumn) were good for extraction of high quality of phytochemicals in A. paniculata.