A hospital-based assessment of the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic usage to that of regular antibiotics usage in patients undergoing elective caesarean section: A comparative study

Abstract

Aim: This study was planned to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic usage to that of regular antibiotics usage in patients undergoing elective surgeries. Material and Methods: A comparative Prospective study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India for the period of 2 years. Total 200 Patients for elective LSCS and BMI < 30 were include in this study. Group A - patients received injection Ceftriaxone 1gm. intravenous stat at the time of induction of anesthesia. Group B - patients received intravenous ampicillin and metronidazole for 1 day followed by oral for next 5 days. Temperature monitoring, vital signs, abdominal, perineal examinations were performed daily till 5-7 days. Results: Patients were randomly divided on alternate number basis, in 2 groups (Group A Ceftriaxone 1gm iv stat and Group B ampicillin and metronidazole for 5 days) each consisted of 100 patients. Mean age was 24.5±4.2 years in group A & 23.4±3.8 years in group B. BMI at the time of admission was 27.9±7.8 kg/m² & 28.8± 6.2 kg/m² in group A & B respectively. Mean duration of surgery was 45.8±6.8 min in group A & 46.1±5.4 in group B. Average blood loss was in groups A 645±70 & 670±75 in group B was comparable. Mean days of hospitalisation was 4.6±4.1 days & 5.4±3.1 days in group A & B respectively. History of previous laparotomy like LSCS, ectopic surgery, etc. was present in 42 & 36 patients from group A & B respectively. Fever was most common morbidity noted (Group A – 7& Group B -5) followed by urinary tract infection (Group A – 5 & Group B -7), wound infection, endometritis & early neonatal sepsis. Statistical difference between group A & B was non-significant for all morbidities. Conclusion: We conclude that the single dose antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as conventional multi dose antibiotic therapy.