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2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review

European Urology · 2023 · Vol. 84(2) · pp. 191–206

Oskar Bergengren(Uppsala University)Kelly R. Pekala(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)Konstantina Matsoukas(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)Jonathan Fainberg(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)Sean F. Mungovan(Westmead Hospital)Ola Bratt(University of Gothenburg)Freddie Bray(Centre international de recherche sur le cancer)Otis W. Brawley(Johns Hopkins University)Amy N. Luckenbaugh(Vanderbilt University Medical Center)Lorelei A. Mucci(Harvard University)Todd M. Morgan(University of Michigan)Sigrid Carlsson✉(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.

Nutritional Studies and Diet Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Cancer, Lipids, and MetabolismMedicineEpidemiologyProstate cancerEpidemiology of cancerDiseaseOncologyProstateProstate diseaseRisk factorGynecology