Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in muscles of Synodontis courteti and Mormyrus macrophthalmus from lower River Benue, Ibi, Taraba, Nigeria

Abstract

Heavy metals concentrations in muscles of Synodontis courteti and Mormyrus macrophthalmus from lower River Benue, Ibi, Taraba state was examined. The heavy metals concentration in the species under consideration was studied with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Bulk Model 210VGP scientific equipment. Results obtained confirmed the occurrence and levels of the following heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) in muscles of the two commercially important species investigated. Recorded values of heavy metals in muscles of S. courteti and M. macrophthalmus overtime showed the metal concentrations ranking profile Pb >Cd >Cr >Cu >Zn > Mn were higher for S. courteti than M. macrophthalmus. Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) showed variation (p>0.05) in concentrations for both species November and December, exception of October. Heavy metal concentration of M. macrophthalmus showed less variation with location (p, Mn>, Pb>, Cu>, Cd>, Cr. Between location upstream and downstream. However all values recorded for the metals were within safe limit The levels of Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn in the Muscles of the species studied were below WHO/FAO and FEPA recommended limits in fish and fishery products. Lead (Pb) values was low throughout the study period in both species except for the month of October which was higher downstream. Though Pb, Cd and Cr Values was within the permissible limits recommended by FAO and FEPA for fish/fisheries products. This study also reported on some physico-chemical parameter of importance (temperature, pH, D.O., Electrical conductivity (EC) and TDS,) and they were found to be within acceptable levels for sustainable fish survival and growth. The need for continuous monitoring and conservation of the fish and fisheries resources of lower River Benue waters and the heavy metals content therein cannot be overemphasize.