A mini review on toxic effects of nanomaterials on human health

Abstract

Humans are already exposed to a range of natural and man-made nanoparticles in the air, and exposure via the food chain, water supply, and medical applications. Nanoparticles are very tiny particles of nanometre size have a great deal to offer to improve our quality of life but A challenges were posed by Nanoparticles is to determine in what way their physical, chemical and biological properties are different to conventional materials and how this influences potential harmful effects. Nanoparticles are toxic materials, because it may interact with biological systems. Inhaling certain Nano-sized particles may result in local lung inflammation, allergic responses or harmful effects on genes. Some specific types of Nano-fibres may cause similar reactions as asbestos. Nanoparticles concerns are related to internal exposure, as some particles may enter the bloodstream and accumulate in organs like the liver and spleen. Nanoparticles easily enter cells, which might in turn lead to direct and indirect nontoxic effects.During literature review it is found that several researchers have found toxic effects of Nanomaterial’s. Much more studies are needed to evaluate the stability of these matrices in a variety of test systems to fully determine the potential for human exposure to the Nano scale components of commercially available products, as well as future products.