The use of oral probiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Literature Review

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic disease that develops through multiple factors. It is directly associated with the accumulation of biofilm. It is characterized by progressive destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Clinically it can be diagnosed through parameters that are gingival inflammation, loss of clinical attachment, increased probing depth, bleeding on probing, and dental mobility. The figures that have been found are around 1.1 billion cases of severe periodontal disease, in 2019. These amounts are equivalent to 15% of the world population. Radio graphically, vertical, horizontal, or both bone loss may be seen. Periodontal therapy is based on five phases: systemic, hygienic, surgical, restorative and maintenance. Currently, adjuvants to periodontal therapy have been found with favorable results. Oral probiotics, the Lactobacillus strain specifically, have been studied in non-surgical periodontal therapy. It has been shown that in patients with gingivitis plus the use of probiotics and periodontal mechanical therapy, patients have a reduction in the previously mentioned clinical parameters. On the other hand, there are also prebiotics that are non-pathogenic bacteria, their function is to improve the health of the host. This is how systemic homeostasis through vitamins and food, proposes a lower risk of developing periodontal disease.