Evolution of research on human–animal interaction: A review

Abstract

Human-animal interaction (HAI) is a growing area of research that examines the ways in which humans and animals interact and the benefits that result from these interactions. This paper reviews the evolution of research into the mutual benefits of HAI over the past several decades. Early research in this area focused primarily on the therapeutic benefits of HAI for humans, particularly in the context of animal-assisted therapy. However, more recent research has broadened the scope of HAI research to include a wider range of human-animal interactions, such as pet ownership and animal-assisted activities. One important finding from this research is that HAI can have a range of positive effects on human health and well-being, including reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improvements in physical health outcomes such as blood pressure and heart rate. Additionally, HAI has been found to have positive effects on social outcomes, such as increased social support and socialization.Importantly, this research has also demonstrated that HAI is a mutually beneficial interaction, with animals themselves experiencing positive outcomes from interactions with humans. For example, animals involved in animal-assisted activities have been found to have lower stress levels and improved well-being. The purpose of this review is to examine the evolution of research on HAI, starting from its early beginnings to the present day.