Phytochemical screening, phenolic determination and antibacterial activity of the extracts of Bridelia scleroneura Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) from Chad

Abstract

Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg. is traditionally used in the southern part of Chad to treat diabete, hypertension and anemia. This study reports the chemical composition of B. scleroneura leaves, barks twigs extracts and their polyphenols contents and also their antibacterial activity. Phytochemicals were assessed by phytochemical screening and spectrophotometry. The microdilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923 /ATCC43300), Streptocococcus pneumonia (ATCC461916), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HM801), Klebsiella pneumonia (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate) and Eschierichia coli (clinical isolate). The extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, quinones and flavonoids. The flavonoid content is higher in the leaves, tannin and polyphenol contents are higher in the barks. The antibacterial tests indicated that the bark extract exhibited a significant activity on Staphylococcus aureus.