Stomatognathic adaptive motor syndrome: A new diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders are the most common symptoms and are often a concept that should not be used as a diagnosis. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that cause abnormal, incomplete, or impaired function of the temporomandibular joint. The etiology or pathophysiology is difficult to understand and largely depends on the anatomical location. It is usually found that the clinical condition reflects a mandibular motor problem rather than a joint problem. The purpose of this study is to determine whether stomatognathic adaptive motor syndrome is a new diagnosis for temporomandibular disorders. Premature or insufficient occlusal contact causes the mandible to move to achieve the ideal intercuspal position, also known as "maximum intercuspal position" (MIP). Therefore, mandibular movement causes condylar displacement, temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Mechanical stress produced by condylar displacement activates Temporomandibular Joint receptors that send information to the trigeminal sensory nucleus and can inhibit catecholaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia. Primary motor response includes increased jaw muscle tone, decreased movement speed, and jaw movement coordination. Excessive muscle activity will lead to adaptive responses in the stomatognathic structure such as hypertonia, pain, fatigue, and weakness in the TMJ region. These include various signs and symptoms such as temporomandibular joint tissue changes, disc changes, and popping sounds. Periodontal membrane thickening, bone loss, and gingival recession leading to tooth loss are symptoms of periodontitis. Patients have otologic complaints such as aural fullness and tinnitus due to involvement of the tensor tympani muscle innervated by the trigeminal nerve.