Streptococcus gordonii: An updated review

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus gordonii is known as an opportunistic pathogen that can cause local or systemic diseases, such as apical periodontitis and infective endocarditis. Objective: To evaluate Streptococcus gordonii in relation to its prevalence, treatment, diagnostic methods, as well as its endodontic and systemic role. Methodology: A search for information was carried out in databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar, using logical operators AND, OR and NOT. We searched for the mention of Streptococcus gordonii bacteria related to the keywords: prevalence, treatment, identification methods, role in endodontics and systemic disease. Results: It is found in teeth with abscesses in 11.1% and in canals with apical periodontitis in 55%. In methods of treatment of the canal system we found that the main irrigant is sodium hypochlorite, lasers and photodynamic therapy. In diagnostic methods we found matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, Next-Generation Sequencing analysis and PCR. In the cell wall of S. gordonii they act as virulence factors, forming biofilms that can cause apical periodontitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. Conclusion: This microorganism easily adheres to host tissues, forming biofilms that can cause apical periodontitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. It is of utmost importance to raise awareness of its role in order to select the best treatment.