Fluoride health effects and defluoridation using adsorption: A critical review

Abstract

Fluoride is a monotonic ion and an essential mineral for body. The use of Fluoride include cavity prevention, prevent from tooth decay, biochemical reagent. The consumption limit is set to be maximum 1.5 mg/l by WHO. The long term exposure to excess fluoride has several negative impact on human health, water bodies, environment and agricultural fields. The source of fluoridation may include the natural occurring minerals, coal mines or the anthropogenic action. Several materials (Biomass, rice husk ash, bone char, shale, and low grade coal) and methods (Adsorption, membrane separation, and column studies) have been in use for defluoridation of water. Among the above mentioned methods adsorption is proved to be economical, easy and efficient for fluoride removal for domestic and industrial help.