Role of histopathological and immunohistochemical technique in diagnosis of lung carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed major cancer and the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Most lung cancers are associated with a well-known Carcinogen i.e., Cigarette Smoking. Immunohistochemistry helps in the sub typing of the lung neoplasm into different categories which have a therapeutic and prognostic importance. Materials and Methods: The present study is both retrospective and prospective study done at Pathology Department over a period of 1 year (October 2021 to September 2022). The present study was carried out on 50 patients presented with lung mass in radiological examination and undergone biopsy procedure and samples of the same were received at Histopathological section of Pathology Department, Shri M.P. Shah Govt. medical college, Jamnagar. Cases were diagnosed by histopathological examination and subtyping were done by Immunohistochemistry.Aims and ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of lung carcinoma with respect to age and sex of patients.To correlate between incidence and associated risk factors for lung carcinoma like smoking.To use Immunohistochemistry for subtyping of lung carcinoma.Results: In present study, out of 50 cases, most common histological type of lung carcinoma was Adenocarcinoma (n=23 cases,46%) followed by Squamous cell Carcinoma (n=20 cases,40%) and Small Cell Carcinoma (n=7 cases, 14%). There was male preponderance (96%) and male to female ratio was 25:1. Right sided Lung was most commonly involved (60%) than Left sided Lung (40%).Conclusion: As subtyping is important for different treatment modalities, the present study highlights the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical study in diagnosis and subtyping of lung carcinoma. In this study we found that adenocarcinoma was most common subtype of lung carcinoma in Saurashtra region than other subtypes and majority of them were smokers.