Advances in understanding the DNA-repair mechanism activated by CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract

In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short Palindromic repeats, clustered regularly interspaced short Palindromic repeats, CRISPR and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mediated gene-editing technology has been widely used in biology, essential medicine, and other research fields, and animal disease models constructed by this technology have promoted the exploration of pathogenesis and the research progress in gene therapy and other aspects. Cas9 nuclease cleavage performs gene editing in conjunction with subsequent homologous recombination (HDR) or non-homologous terminal linking (NHEJ), but the low efficiency of HDR generation limits its application. Therefore, it is crucial to study the mechanism of NHEJ and HDR repair modes to improve gene editing accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, the mechanism of NHEJ and HDR repair system in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system is summarized, and the prospect is made based on the relevant research progress, which provides ideas for the research of efficient use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.