Infection of the periprosthetic joint: Current views and forecasts

Abstract

Infections of the periprosthetic joint are catastrophic complications that can arise following arthroplasty. They are also associated with a significant increase in patient morbidity. More than twenty-five percent of all changes can be traced back to these illnesses, and it is anticipated that this number will continue to rise. This rise can be attributed, in part, to the rising rates of obesity and diabetes, as well as to an increased incidence of other comorbidities. Recognition of the difficulty of surgical site infections in general, and periprosthetic joint infections, has prompted implementation of enhanced prevention measures preoperatively, intra operatively (Ultraclean operative environment, blood conservation, etc.), and postoperatively. These enhanced prevention measures can be divided into three categories: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative (Refined anticoagulation and improved wound dressings). Indications for surgical management have also been refined, which is another positive development. In this Review, we investigate the risk factors, preventative measures, diagnostic procedures, clinical characteristics, and treatment choices associated with prosthetic joint infection. The most effective treatments and areas in which more investigation is required were determined during a meeting of experts worldwide to discuss these infections. Improvements in preventive, diagnostic, and treatment procedures could benefit the field of orthopedics.