Species diversity, blood meal source and infection rate of malaria vectors in the village of Kodougou, Northwestern Burkina Faso

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Anopheles gambiae members are the main malaria vectors in Burkina Faso seconded by Anopheles funestus. However, other anophelines species are found in particular environments such as forest and localities bordering the rivers. The aim of this study, was to assess the species diversity, the blood feeding preferences and the infection rate of all anophelines species found in Kodougou, a village situated near the Mouhoun River.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected from September to December 2018 using insecticide spraying catch in 160 randomly selected houses. DNA extracted from wing/legs, head/thorax, abdomens were used respectively for mosquitoes species molecular identification, infection detection and blood meal source identification from female anophelines. The entomological inoculation (EIR) rate was to estimate malaria transmission intensity in the study area.Results: A total of 1528 anophelines were collected consisting of 1392 (91.1%) Anopheles gambiae, 115 (7.5%) Anopheles nili, 8 (0.5%) Anopheles funestus, 13 (0.9%) Anopheles pharoensis. The most abundant specie was Anopheles coluzzii representing for 87% of total of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Blood meal source was mostly human host (88%), followed by cattle (11%) and pigs (1%). The overall EIR was 0.1 infective bite per human during the study period. The highest EIR with 0.08 infective bite per human (i.b/h) for Anopheles coluzzii. Likely, minor vectors Anopheles nili and Anopheles pharoensis presented an EIR of 0.02 i.b/h and 0.04 i.b/h respectively. Conclusion: This study shown that in addition to Anopheles gambiae, minor vectors like Anopheles nili and Anopheles pharoensis contribute to malaria transmission in the northern part of Burkina Faso. So, control measures should take into account these species for effective result.