Histopathological spectrum with clinical correlation of lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies

Abstract

Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract extends from oral cavity to anus, spanning a length of >8 meters and oral cavity along with oropharynx forming the upper portion. The large intestine and anal canal are sites for broad array of non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases which at times can lead to serious complications. Biopsy provides an opportunity to correlate the clinical data, endoscopic findings and pathological lesions. Histopathological study is the gold standard for diagnosis of endoscopically detected lesions. It is also used for monitoring the course, extent of the disease, response to the given therapy and early detection of complications.Aim & Objectives: To study and clinically correlate the histopathological spectrum of lower gastrointestinal tract lesions and also to study the endoscopy related artifacts.Materials and Methods: A 2-year prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Subharti Medical College & associated hospitals, Meerut. A total of 164 lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies were included. The histopathological sections were studied and the results were recorded.Results: A total of 164 biopsies were studies. Male to female ratio was 1.78:1. Most common site of biopsy was colon (52.5%) followed by rectum (21.9%), ileum (20.1%), jejunum (4.9%) and anal canal (0.6%). 89.7% biopsies were non-neoplastic lesions, 9.7% were neoplastic lesions & 0.6% cases were premalignant. Endoscopy related artifacts were found in 25% cases.Conclusion: The main objective of gastrointestinal biopsies is clinical & endoscopic correlation to find out the true pathology.