Skeletal anchorage system in orthodontics: A literature review

Abstract

Conservation of anchorage in totality has been perennial problem to traditional orthodontist. Paradigms have started to shift in the orthodontic world since the introduction of mini-implants in the anchorage armamentarium. Orthodontic implants or temporary anchorage device (TAD) are temporarily fixed to bone for the purpose of enhancing orthodontic anchorage either by supporting the teeth of the reactive unit or by obviating the need for the reactive unit altogether, and which is subsequently removed after use. They have become increasingly popular because they are small and easy to insert and remove, they can be loaded immediately after insertion, and they can provide absolute anchorage for many types of orthodontic treatment, with minimal need for patient compliance. The purpose of this article is to review the skeletal anchorage system or TADs in the context of orthodontics and will deal with various aspects of orthodontic implants—their types, indications, contraindications, placement sites and complications.