Advanced High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Battery Enabled by “Water‐in‐Bisalt” Electrolyte

Abstract

Abstract A new super‐concentrated aqueous electrolyte is proposed by introducing a second lithium salt. The resultant ultra‐high concentration of 28 m led to more effective formation of a protective interphase on the anode along with further suppression of water activities at both anode and cathode surfaces. The improved electrochemical stability allows the use of TiO 2 as the anode material, and a 2.5 V aqueous Li‐ion cell based on LiMn 2 O 4 and carbon‐coated TiO 2 delivered the unprecedented energy density of 100 Wh kg −1 for rechargeable aqueous Li‐ion cells, along with excellent cycling stability and high coulombic efficiency. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of a second salts into the “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte further pushed the energy densities of aqueous Li‐ion cells closer to those of the state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries.