Role of high-resolution ultrasound in early diagnosis of conjoined twins

Abstract

Conjoined twins are rare, with the estimated prevalence is 1:50000 to 1:200000 [1]. Fusion theory and fission theory are two theories behind the origin of conjoined twins [2]. The antenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins can be made with high-resolution ultrasound as early as 12 weeks gestation and is important for optimal obstetric management because early termination of pregnancy has less risk of complications. Fetal echocardiography should be done optimally at 18 weeks because the degree of cardiac fusion will determine the likelihood of successful separation and postnatal viability of the twins. During ultrasound, conjoined hearts are easier to examine in utero because the amniotic fluid acts as a buffer.