Identification of chromosomal translocations in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia using multiplex RT-PCR

Abstract

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease that requires a risk-stratified approach for proper treatment. Specific chromosomal translocations within leukemic blasts are important prognostic factors that allow identification of relevant subgroups. In this study, we developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of the 4 most frequent translocations in ALL (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, and E2A-PBX1). A total of 100 children were diagnosed as ALL patients by morphology, clinical examinations, and flow cytometry assays. Then, they were assessed for specific chromosomal translocations by multiplex RT-PCR assay. Results: The results showed that TEL-AML1 fusion gene was the most frequently encountered genetic anomaly in ALL pediatric patients. Translocation t (4;11) i.e. MLL-AF4 was not detected in any of the cases. Highest frequency of translocations was found in the age group of 1 to 9 years and not any chromosomal translocations were detected below the age of 2 years. Thus, multiplex RT-PCR can be used to detect recurrent chromosomal translocations in childhood leukaemia in an effective manner.