Anopheles Kdr mutation threatens the operational effectiveness of malaria vector control strategy in the health district of Ngaoundere, savannah area in north Cameroon

Abstract

Malaria prevention in Cameroon mainly relies on insecticide treated bet nets mass use. Its success depends on vectors sensitivity to insecticides used and population’s involvement. This study aimed at determining the operational effectiveness of treated net nets and find ways to improve the vector control strategy in Ngaoundere and Tchabal. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of populations toward malaria were assess. The susceptibility of local populations of Anopheles gambiae to deltamethrin and permethrin, the effect of synergist (PBO) and mosquito treated nets efficacy were determined using WHO protocols. Mosquitoes were genotyped for kdr L1014 mutations using Hot Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay. Mosquito displayed insecticide resistance with variable knockdown and mortality rates. Synergist (PBO) increased mortality but not enough to break their resistance. We found 78.33% and 93.33% Kdr resistant allele and in Tchabba and Ngaoundere respectively. New mosquito nets generation with PBO should be combined with other control methods to curb resistance.