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Evaluation of Butorphanol-lidocaine-ketamine and fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine constant rate infusion protocols for pain management in small animal orthopaedic patients

The Pharma Innovation · 2021 · Vol. 10(12S) · pp. 316–319

GV Ashok Kumar Reddy✉(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University)S Ayyappan(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University)Hans Raj(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University)Lakshmi Nagarajan(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University)

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Abstract

Butorphanol-Lidocaine-Ketamine and Fentanyl-Lidocaine-Ketamine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for pain management in small animal orthopaedic patients have not been well-documented in the literature. The present study aimed to define the optimal dosage of these combinations for CRI in dogs for pain management and its effects on physiological body parameters.

Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia Anesthesia and Pain Management Pediatric Pain Management TechniquesButorphanolKetamineLidocaineMedicineAnesthesiaFentanylPain management

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