Swertia Chirata: A Comprehensive review of its abundant medicinal properties

Abstract

Swertia chirata (S chirata), (Family Gentianaceae) is a well-known herbaceous plant. It is very popular in traditional systems of medicine like Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha. It is commonly used in Unani medicine, for several pharmacological effects including Musaffi-i-Dam (blood purifier), Muqawwi-i-Mida (stomachic), Muhallil-i-Awram (anti-inflammatory), Muqawwi-i-Qalb wa Jigar (tonic to heart and liver), Mulattif (demulcent), Mudir (diuretic), Mulliyin (laxative) properties. It is used for chronic fever, malaria, anemia, liver disorders, hypertension, dyspepsia, gastritis, ulcers, constipation, and skin diseases, and is included in many pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial preparations. The entire plant contains ophelic acid, two bitter glycosides chiratin, and amarogentin. It also contains resins, tannin, gum, carbonate, and phosphate of potash, lime, and magnesia. Extensive studies on S. chirata have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which includes anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature, scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of this plant.