Gallic Acid: A Versatile Molecule with Promising Pharmacological Effect

Abstract

Gallic acid, also known as 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite that can help biological cells, tissues, and organs resist oxidative stress. It has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging characteristics and may be extracted from a range of fruits, plants, and nuts. GA is a phenolic substance present in a variety of fruits and medicinal plants. In a number of plants, it can be present in phytoconstituents like free acids, esters, catechin derivatives, and hydrolysable tannins GA has been reviewed by evaluating information on the Internet (using Google Scholar, CAB Abstracts, Elsevier, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR, Nature Publishing and Science online) and in libraries. Traditional medicinal uses of were recorded in the Ayurveda and Chinese pharmacopeia. The present review study covered chemical constituents and pharmacological properties. This has included GA therapeutic effects of the whole plants and its extracts, fractions and isolated compounds are Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antidiabetic Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory, Wound Healing, Hepatoprotective, Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Metabolic, Neuropsychological, Allergic skin disease, Antidepressant, Diuretic, Antifungal, Anthelmintic, Antianxiety activities have all been described and GA's safety and therapeutic efficacy in humans must be further defined through future research.