To determine the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency and its association with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the study to assess the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in type 2 DM as well as to record the effect of hyperglycaemia on serum vitamin D level. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Metro Hospital and Cancer Research Centre, Jabalpur, MP, India from December 2017 to November 2019. Total 240 participants were include in the study out of which 120 healthy people were include as case (Group A) and 120 type 2 diabetic patients as controls (Group B). Routine laboratory Investigations like CBC, FBS, RBS, PP2BS, HbA1C, blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid profile, urine albumin and Vitamin D3 levels were done by standard methods in central laboratory of Institute. Results: Prevalence of low vitamin D level in healthy population was only 23.33% in my study, while prevalence was 85.83% in Diabetic group. Among diabetic patients having abnormal Vitamin D level, majority (65%) were having insufficiency, only 20.83% were having over vitamin D deficiency in Diabetic patients. In patients with controlled diabetes as per HbA1C criteria, the prevalence of sufficient, Insufficient and Deficient Vitamin D was 18.51%, 61.11% and 16.67% respectively, where in patients with uncontrolled diabetes it was 10.60%, 68.18% and 24.24% respectively. More number of diabetic patients with uncontrolled status (24.24%) was having overt vitamin D deficiency in comparison to controlled status (16.67%). There is a significant association between the maintenance of euglycemia and severity of Vitamin D level in diabetic patients, as the p value is less than 0.05. Hypertension was most common co-morbidity found in diabetic group (18.33%) followed by Ischemic Heart Disease (5.83%). Conclusion: control of diabetic status is mandatory in order to prevent vitamin D deficiency.