Severe preeclampsia before term in N'Djamena Mother and Child University Hospital: Epidemiological aspects and prognoses

Abstract

Background: Severe preeclampsia is associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality in developing countries.Objective: to improve the management of preeclampsia before full term.Patients and Method: This was a descriptive prospective study for a period of 5 months from 1st May 2020 to 31st October 2020 on the management of severe preeclampsia before full term performed at the Maternity of N’Djamena Mother and Child University hospital. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia before term was 1.3%. The age group between 17-24 years was the most represented with 62.3%.The majority of patients (55.7%) were referred. Main consultation’ reason is: headaches (31.1%. Patients with a gestational term between 28-32 gestational week + 6 days were more represented with 39.3%. More than half (50.8%) hadn’t attended prenatal cares. Primiparity was the most noted risk factor with 39.3%. All pregnant women had received magnesium sulphate (100%). Pulmonary maturation with Betamethasone was achieved in 86.9% patients. The decision to terminate the pregnancy was taken in 63.9%. Main maternal morbidity was: acute kidney failure with 13.1%.Maternal lethality rate was 6.6%. Main fetal complication was: prematurity (88.5%). The majority of patients (77%) had a vagina delivery.Conclusion: Severe preterm pre-eclampsia is an uncommon pregnancy complication in N’Djamena Mother and Child University Hospital. Delivery was perform by vagina in the majority of cases.