Analysis of haemolytic anemia's clinicohematological profile in tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Introduction: The destruction of the red cell membrane causes hemolytic anemia, which can be affected by a variety of underlying pathologies. Membrane mutations, enzyme defects, hemoglobinopathies, immune destruction, and non-immune destruction are also possible causes. Hemolytic anemia can be easily diagnosed using specific laboratory procedures. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this research was to look at the clinicopathological profile of hemolytic anemia in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 cases were collected in a pathology department in south India. The research covered all recently diagnosed patients as well as old cases that had been followed up on. Results: Beta thalassemia trait was found to be the most common, with 40% of people having it, followed by sickle cell anemia (20%), malaria (14%), beta thalassemia major (11%), beta thalassemia intermedia (4.3%), sickle beta thalassemia (2.8%), sickle cell trait (1.4%), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (1.4%), and G6PD deficiency (1.4%). Hereditary spherocytosis and HbD Punjab both had one case. The analysis found a male preponderance. Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells with varying degrees of poikilocytosis and anisocytosis were the most common peripheral smear findings. Jaundice is the most frequent clinical manifestation, accompanied by splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, thalassemic facies, gall stones, hemolytic facies, growth retardation, and edema, Conclusion: In hemolytic anemia, hemoglobin electrophoresis is still the method of use. Hemoglobinopathies cause significant health issues in the Indian population, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. It's important to stress the importance of diagnosing hemolytic anemia so that a clear course of action can be devised for diagnostic, prevention, and treatment interventions to avoid severe complications.