When it comes to inflammatory lesions, size does not matter: A rare case of large xanthogranulomatous oophoritis mimicking malignancy

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of ovary is a non-neoplastic, rare chronic process in which the ovary is damaged by massive cellular infiltration of foamy histiocytes admixed with plasma cells, fibroblasts, multinucleated giant cells, neutrophils, and necrotic foci. The etiology remains unknown, but it does share the histopathological findings of xanthogranulomatous change occurring in different organs, including the gallbladder and kidney. The current case was a 24 year old female presenting with an ovarian mass with high suspicion of malignancy on clinicoradiological evaluation. A vigilant histopathological study was carried out and the final diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis was established.