Oral lesions induced by radiation exposure: An update and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Among the oral diseases we have those caused by electromagnetic radiation: in our article we considered solar radiation, artificial ultraviolet radiation and X-ray. Materials and Methods: This review takes in exam the articles published on PubMed in which the link between different type of radiation and oral pathologies is analyzed. The pathologies appraised are: mucositis, osteoradionecrosis and actinic cheilitis. Results: Oral mucositis involves patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Osteoradionecrosis is a complication of the bone related to radiation therapy. Actinic cheilitis is the main pathological manifestation of the oral cavity related to ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion: Mucositis is debilitating injury and if severe, it can endanger the patient's life. Treatment is essential to improve the quality of life. On the other hand, dental visits before the start of therapy are protective factors. Actinic cheilitis is associated with a certain degree of carcinomatous transformation. Furthermore, primary prevention is fundamental.