Herbicide residue in soil, crop produce and in underground water: A review

Abstract

At present, herbicides are widely used in agriculture all over the world because of expanding input cost, decision of use of herbicides because of quick weed control in cropped and non-cropped areas. In India, herbicides are used up to 30% during the recent 10 years. Herbicides kill the weeds but they also effect on soil, crop, underground water, plants, animals, humans and cause pollution of soil and environment. Some herbicides are reside in the soil and water and they effect on the microbes in soil, effect on the next crop, reside in grain and straw, damage flora and fauna of water and spread the diseases.The herbicides monitored were Fluroxypyr, Methabenzthiazuron, Imazamethabenz, Linuron, Aclonifen, Diclofopmethyl, Pendimethalin, Propyzamide, Trifluralin, Metolachlor, Chlortoluron, 2,4-DB, MCPA, Atrazine, Simazin, Terbuthylazine, Metoxuron, Monuron, Diuron, Metobromuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Mecoprop, Chloroxuron, 2,4,5-TB, Neburon, Prometryn, Metribuzin, Cyanazin etc. All of them are responsible for toxicity to humans and animals as well as these leave residues in soil and crop produce.