Role of bio fertilizer in crop production (An element of sustainable agriculture): A review

Abstract

In recent days agriculture had a played an important part in serving and full filling the food demand for the blooming population in our society which also thereby increased the application of different chemical fertilizers resulting in a slow degradation of soil physical and bio chemical characteristics which also affect the soil fertility in a greater aspect. chemical fertilizers are manufactured industrially and these substances composed of known quantities of macronutrients like Nitrogen potassium (K), phosphorous and micro-nutrients such as zinc, boron, iron etc., and their undifferentiating and imbalance use causes air, ground, and water pollution and degradation by nitrate (NO3) leaching and different surface water bodies pollution through processes like eutrophication (Youssef et al., 2014). Considering all these aspects efforts were made for maintain bio safety and for the production of nutrient rich and premium quality food without affecting the farm production and farmers economy. Organic farming came to the rescue. As it is necessary to use fertilizer and chemical substances in agriculture to deal with the growing demand for quality food in our country, there are many growing prospects in many crops and different crop growing locations and locality where the method of organic based farming and organic based production can also be encouraged in order to meet the domestic export market. Bio-fertilizers is one of the important and major part of organic based farming is the preparations containing live cells of different major strains of nitrogen fixing, p-solubilizing microorganism, which are applied to soil, seed or compost areas with a major motive of enhancing the number of such micro-organisms and catalyse the different micro-bacterial processes which enhance the major availability of nutrients that can be easily induced or utilised by plants for better growth.