Response of tree roots to drought condition: A review

Abstract

Plant root systems are key components of forest ecosystem. They are responsible for water and nutrient uptake, provide physical stabilization, store nutrients and carbohydrates, and provide carbon and nutrients to the soil through the process of fine-root turnover. Larger roots contribute to the tree’s stability and act as a food storage organ during periods of dormancy. However, to take up water and nutrients efficiently (and increase structural support), it is necessary for root systems to establish a near interface with the surrounding soil. This is achieved by the production of many fine roots and root hairs that significantly increase the surface area at the root and soil interface. Roots may act as sensors for any stress conditions and send signals to shoots above ground. During the drought plants respond physiologically and structurally to prevent excessive water loss according to species – specific water use strategies.