Antidiabetic potential and related activity of Jamun (Syzygium cumini Linn.) and its utilization in Unani medicine: An overview

Abstract

Diabetes, a rampant disease is now a big concern for the humanity. Syzygium cumini Linn., commonly known as “Jamun” or black plum is an important medicinal plant in Unani system of medicine (USM) used commonly for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and other ailments. In USM the pharmacological actions of Jamun are Nafe ziabetus (Antidiabetic), Qabiz wa habis Dam (Astringent and Haemostatic), Dafe salasal bawl (Helpful in urinary incontinence), Muquwie bah (Sexual tonic) etc. Different parts of the Jamun were reported for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, neuropsycho-pharmacological, anti-ulcerogenic, free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging and radio-protective activities. Both in-vivo and in-vitro anti diabetic activity are reported from the drug. The chemical constituents responsible for the inhibition of glucose are terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, flavanoids, phenols etc. Jamun contains an important glycoside namely Jambolin which prevents the conversion of starch into sugar thereby helps in controlling the blood sugar. This review helps to overcome the gap between traditional therapeutic and modern contemporary medication for providing better understanding. Overview of photochemistry / constituents and pharmacological activities of both classical and reported can update the information regarding the drug for better utilization in therapeutics of diabetes mellitus.