Sticker tumour (Transmissible venereal tumour) in dog

Abstract

Sticker tumor or Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is one of the important neoplasms of dogs. It is mainly prevalent in all dog breeds. TVT affects dogs of 2-5 years age group predominantly and both sexes get equally affected. Compromised immune system plays main role in acquiring and spreading of TVT. External genitalia are the prime site for this tumor; but occasional internal metastasis is also reported. It transmits mainly through coitus. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the easiest and quite reliable way of diagnosing TVT cells. Wet fixation cytology smears and histopathology (H&E) are also useful methods. Since TVT cells resemble histiocytic types and considering cell lineage differences; proper differentiation of the tumor can be challenging. Molecular markers and other features like mitotic index and immune cells infiltration are used for proper differentiation; aggressiveness and immune response to the TVT. Recent DNA fragment technique helped to classify TVT into plasmacytic; lymphocytic and mix types. Vincristine chemotherapy is main treatment option for TVT along with surgical; radiological and immunotherapy methods.