Pesticides toxicity in fishes: A review

Abstract

Pesticides are chemicals used to manage pests which are the source of schistosomiasis, including insects, aquatic weeds, plant diseases, and aquatic snails. Pesticides have been found to be not only extremely harmful to fish, but also to other species that make up the food chain. In general, pesticides are used very widely in agriculture, forestry, public health, and in Practices veterinary. Organophosphate, Carbamate, Organochlorine, Pyrethroids, and Necotenoides are the main chemical classes of insecticides commonly used. The insecticidal residues that contaminate the water, usually within a few weeks after application, are primarily due to intensive farming combined with surface runoff and surface drainage. Insecticides contribute to a decline in growth rate and reproductive disorders. It also induces spinal deformities and histopathological changes in the gills, liver, spleen, head of the kidney and renal tubules, hematopoietic tissue, some biological markers of insecticide exposure are endocrine tissue as well as brain, psychological, behavioural and genetic deficiency disorders. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the pollution of water by the atmosphere.