Bio-efficacy of cow urine on crop production: A review

Abstract

During the last two decades, there has been a significant sensitization of the global community to looking into environmental conservation and safe food. Organic Agriculture (OA) is now becoming the mainstream all over the world. Among different organic sources cow urine is a unique product of dairy which have huge property such as manure, antimicrobial agent, disinfectant. It contains 95% water, 2.5% urea, and remaining 2.5% contains mineral salts, hormones and enzymes. In organic farming, cow urine is used for preparation of number of growth promoter and bio-pesticides, which are effective in improving soil fertility, and management of large number of pests and diseases in varied group. The biochemical contents of the plants increased with cow urine application. Therefore the use of cow urine provides better alternative to synthetic chemicals which are expensive and pose potential danger to the farmers, marketers, consumers, and environment. Application of cow urine has been reported to have a favorable impact, for enhancing productivity of different crops viz., mustard, maize and rice etc. Further research is required to prove its qualities and benefits.