Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of some promising potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars of Odisha

Abstract

The main aim of this investigation is to assess the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of some important potato varieties of Odisha. Fifteen varieties of potato were characterized to find out their genetic diversity. The morphological and the biochemical parameters were also analysed and the tuber shape was found to be either oval or round. The tuber colour was almost brown or brownish yellow in all the cultivars except in Kufri Lalima which had brownish red type. The maximum tuber yield (20.24 t/ha) was obtained in Kufri Lalima followed by Kufri Khyati (19.11 t/ha). The maximum carbohydrate content was observed in variety Kufri Lauvkar (20.4 g/100g of fresh tuber) followed by Kufri Khyati (19.3 g/100g of fresh tubers) and the lowest carbohydrate content was found in Kufri Garima (15.11 gm/100g of fresh tubers). The highest amount of total chlorophyll was present in Kufri Khyati (4.151mg/g of leaves) followed by Kufri Himalini (3.326mg/g of leaves) and the lowest chlorophyll content was found in Kufri Shailja (1.268mg/g of leaves). The genetic diversity analysis using ISSR primers revelled that, maximum number of polymorphic bands was obtained using UBC810 primer. The average number of polymorphic bands was 4.66 per primer and the average percent polymorphism was found to be 91.66%. Polymorphism information content (PIC) was found to be the highest in UBC810 followed by UBC812. Average PIC content of primers among all 15 cultivers was found to be 0.568. Pair-wise estimates of similarity matrix ranged from 0.15 to 0.93 and average Jaccard’s similarity calculated among all varieties was found to be 60.0%. Genetic distances obtained from the dendrogram could be helpful for the breeders to choose the diverse parents for a breeding program aimed at varietal improvement.