Fumigant toxicity of four essential oils and their combination against Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat

Abstract

The experiment were conduct to find out the fumigant toxicity of by Murraya koenigii, Citrus reticulata, Callistemon citrinus and Curcuma longa essential oils and their combination against Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat. 100 percent mortality was achieved by M. koenigii, C. reticulata, C. citrinus oil at 0.2 percent, M. koenigii + C. reticulata, M. koenigii + C. citrinus oil at 0.1 percent each and M. koenigii + C. reticulata + C. citrinus oil at 0.07 percent each and M. koenigii + C. reticulate + C. longa + C. citrinus oil at 0.05 percent each within 24 hours. The combination containing C. reticulata + C. citrinus oil at 0.1 percent each and M. koenigii + C. reticulata + C. longa oil at 0.07 percent each caused 93.3 and 86.7 percent mortality, respectively, within 24 hours which increased to 100 percent within 48 hours. The fumigant toxicity in grain treated with C. reticulata + C. longa + C. citrinus oil at 0.07 percent each was 76.7 percent within 24 hours, however, all insects died within 72 hours. The combination containing C. reticulata + C. longa at 0.1 percent each caused 73.3 percent mortality in 24 hours which increased to 100 percent within 96 hours.