Comprehensive effect of PGPR and organic manure and plant growth, yield attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic farming system

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the heterogeneous group of soil bacteria that are inhibiting in the rhizospheric, around/on the root surface, which improve the plant growth directly or indirectly via production and secretion of various regulatory substances. PGPR affect plant growth and development either by releasing phytohormones or other biologically active substances, altering endogenous levels of plant growth regulators (PGR), enhancing availability and uptake of nutrients through fixation and mobilization, reducing harmful effects of pathogenic microorganisms on plants and/or employing multiple mechanisms of action. Nowadays, PGPR have received more attention for its use as a bio fertilizer for sustainability of agro ecosystems. Numerous studies have suggested that PGPR in an integrated nutrient management (INM) system could be used as effective supplements to chemical fertilizers for promoting crop yields and soil health on sustainable basis. In prospect to healthy and sustainable agriculture PGPR approach revealed as one of the best alternatives.