Prospects of hysteroscopy in large domestic animals: A mini review

Abstract

Hysteroscopy has been used to a limited extent in large domestic animals to evaluate uterine health and institute therapy. On account of the anatomic formation of bovine cervix it is difficult to pass the endoscope inside the uterus whereas the ease with which the equine cervix can be passed has stimulated interest in the use of hysteroscopy in the equine species. In equines hysteroscopy is currently utilized to evaluate and treat endometrial growths, adhesions, cysts and low dose artificial insemination. The basic principle, instrumentation, anesthesia and indications of hysteroscopy in large domestic animals are mentioned in this review.