A review on waste water impact on soil properties

Abstract

There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irrigation in India. So we require another way to improve this situation. The objective of this was to provide knowledge of composition of waste water compare with fresh water. The present status of waste water in India and their effect on soil and health. The use of waste water, how to improve the agricultural productivity. Every country in the world facing the problem of waste water. The composition of sewage water varied from site to site, these changes occur due to which type of industries present there. Sewage water contained higher amount of N, P, K, OC, micronutrient and soil microbial count as compare to non-sewage water. The electrical conductivity although increased due to sewage irrigation, it was within the tolerance limit to cause any soil salinity hazard. Sewage water was found to higher amount of heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni. Continuous application of waste water improve the phyico-chemical properties of soil but the concentration of heavy metals give adverse effect soil and plant health. Long term of waste application increase the toxic metals concentration which are not good for health and soil. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the scarcity of irrigation water, sewage water can be used in the critical period of growth for life saving of the crops and the savings in terms of micro-nutrient deficiency amelioration practices can be done without expending on expensive nutrient supplements in plants.