Exploitation of heterosis for grain yield and quality traits in wheat

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in world, first rank of wheat in among cereal crops in all over world. it is a thermo stable and long day plants extensively cultivated with latitudinal distribution (Sahu et al., 2002). Wheat is prominently produced and consumed by the dense public domain in tropical and sub tropical areas. wheat mainly flourished at optimum temperature approximately 15-18 0C (Choudhury and Wardlaw, 1978). Wheat is the dominant crop in temperate regions that is being used by the human feed and livestock feed. Wheat contains the good protein approximately 8-11% and also contribute the mineral, vitamins, photo chemicals and dietary fiber to the human diet. but current scenario of wheat is not good due to more prone disease affected to wheat yield and resulting decreased yield (Shewry 2009). So how to overcome these problems, heterosis can be exploited in wheat crops. Heterosis is the superiority of progeny from both parents. Causes of heterosis is the dominance effects in progeny that is derived from the crossing between diverse parents. Heterosis in wheat due to complementary and dominance effects of gene interaction that Heterosis can be exploited in wheat. There are many problems to exploited heterosis in wheat that has been described in following and in this review we will be describe future exploitation of heterosis.