Varieties of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) used as food and medicine by the Idoma people of Eke-Ogodumu in Okpokwu local government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Mangifera indica is widely used by the people of Eke-Ogodumu in Benue State, Nigeria without proper documentation of the varieties. The aim of the study was to identify the varieties of Mangifera indica in this part of Nigeria, document the folklore uses and their active constituents and determine some peculiar morphological and chemical differences that exist between them. Standard methods for identifications and analysis such as macroscopic and phytochemical techniques were used. Recognised and accepted folks that have wealth of knowledge in traditional medicine in the community were also asked some relevant questions on Mangifera indica using structured questionnaires and samples were collected for authentication. ANOVA was used as statistical tool for the analysis. Results of the findings showed Benue mango, Normal mango, German mango, Opioro, Peter mango, Julie mango, Kerosene mango and Broken as the varieties of Mangifera indica used to manage stroke and cardiovascular diseases, improve blood circulation and treat iron deficiency in women; treat typhoid fever; treat dysentery, diarrhoea, hemorrhage and bleeding; treat wrinkles and infections of the mouth, face and skin; improve sight, and manage diabetes; Manage constipation, obesity, gastritis and ulcer; Manage cancer and weaknesses, boost immune system and manage diabetes and night blindness respectively. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids were found in all the varieties. German mango leaf has sinuate margin; Peter mango, acuminate apex; Kerosene, obtuse apex while repand margin and acute apex were common in other varieties with normal mango fruit having oblong shape different from others. The varieties of Mangifera indica used were identified and differentiated. The folklore uses and the active constituents were documented.