Microbial contamination in drinking water is a dangerous challenge for human health

Abstract

Safe drinking-water defined as the water that does not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. Microbial water quality often varies rapidly and over a wide range. The great majorities of evident water-related health problems are the result of microbial contamination. The greatest risk of water borne disease is infant's children, young and elderly, people who are debilitated or living under unsanitary conditions. Short-term peaks in pathogen concentration may increase disease risks considerably and may trigger outbreaks of waterborne disease. Faces can be a source of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths. Pathogens are the principal concerns in setting healthbased targets for microbial safety protection of water resources, proper selection and operation of a series of treatment steps and management of distribution systems to maintain and protect water quality. The preferred strategy is a management approach that places the primary emphasis on preventing or reducing the entry of pathogens into water sources and reducing reliance on treatment processes for removal of pathogens.