Toxicity, hypoglycemic and antioxidant potentials of Massularia acuminata Stem

Abstract

Massularia acuminata is mostly employed in herbal decoctions for the treatment of diabetes, and as an aphrodisiac. Its toxicity index and acclaimed hypoglycemic potency have not been scientifically validated, which necessitates this study. High amount of saponins, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were detected; extract and fractions produced cytotoxicity to brine shrimp (LC50, 1.26-21.54 µg/mL), and LD50 (111.8 mg/Kg) for intraperitoneal administration of extract using albino mice. Treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with extract caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in fasting blood glucose level (45.63%) in acute study and 61.73% reduction in prolong treatment (2 weeks); extract and fractions demonstrated moderate antioxidant effects (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing power assays) compared to ascorbic acid. These results suggest that M. acuminata stem is cytotoxic and possess good hypoglycemic effects. Its toxicity in herbal preparations is of essence.