Seed invigoration in black gram by chemical hardening

Abstract

An attempt was made to identify suitable and effective chemicals for seed hardening for improving seed germination and other quality parameters under drought conditions. The chemicals used for seed hardening were FeSO4 @5%, ZnSO4 @100 ppm, CaCl2 @2%, MnSO4 @100 ppm, KCl @2%, K2SO4 @ 100 ppm and control. Among the various chemicals, seed hardening with 2%, CaCl2 improved the seed germination (98%) and other quality parameters, compared to control (88%)