Retrospective and prospective study on Cholelithiasis: various modes of management, their results, complications and histopathological changes in the gall bladder

Abstract

Cholelithiasis is a disease of the hepatobiliary system. The impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids and bilirubin are characterized by gallstone formation. Data was collected from the information available in bed head tickets of patients diagnosed as a case of cholelithiasis. Detailed history, clinical examination, investigations, procedure, operative findings, complications and biopsy reports were recorded. Significant observations were: USG showed gall stones in all cases. Derranged bilirubin was found in 20.21% cases. 46.77% underwent laparoscopic & 50.54% underwent open cholecystectomy with 2.69% laparoscopic to open conversion mostly due to adhesions (52%). Gall stone alongwith CBD stone was the most common complication (4.62%). Intra operatively hemorrhage was the most common complication in laparoscopic (3.26%) and open cholecystectomy (2.76%). In post operative period wound infection and bile leak was found in 5.25% and 1.81% respectively in open cholecystectomy and 1.84% each in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological finding (83.79%).