A study of maternal and fetal outcome in cases of abruptio placentae

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: 1. To study maternal and fetal outcome in cases of abruption placenta. 2. To analyse its risk factors. 3. To study its complications. 4. To study mode of delivery in cases of abruption placentae. Methodology: It is an observational study carried out in Government Medical College And Hospital, Akola from November 2017 to April 2019.Total 140 diagnosed cases of abruption placenta were included in this study. A detailed obstetrics history along with maternal high risk factors were noted. Examination, investigations and complications were studied. Results: The incidence of abruptio placentae was 1.05% or 1: 94. Majority of cases i.e. 81.4% are from rural areas and belongs to low socioeconomic status. Maximum number of cases seen in primigravida in the age group of 22-25 years. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was a risk factor in 65% of cases followed by premature rupture of membranes (6.4%), H/O prior abruption (2.8%), Polyhydraminos (5%).In 20% of cases vaginal delivery occurred and in 80% caesarean section needed. Severe Anaemia was the commonest complication of abruption placentae followed by postpartum haemorrhage (30%), DIC (15%), AKI (12%).Obstetric hysterectomy was performed in 4% of cases. ICU monitoring required in 3% of cases. 1 maternal mortality occurred and perinatal mortality rate was 68.5%, it can be due to late presentation of the patient to the hospital, during which time it progress to an advanced stage. Conclusion: Abruption placenta is a cause of significant maternal and perinatal mortality. The overall incidence of abruption can be decreased by providing proper antenatal care, early diagnosis, availability of blood transfusion, strict survelliance, prompt action at the time of occurrence.