Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluation against selected gram strains by Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz stem bark extract, a folklore medicine of Sikkim Himalaya

Abstract

The aim of the present research work was to study the phytochemical constituents and evaluation of antibacterial potency and to perform TLC of the different extracts of the plant Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. The crude drug (bark part) was successively extracted by simple maceration process using various solvents. Alkaloids were detected in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. Carbohydrates were found in hexane and water extracts. Flavonoids and tannins were common in ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts. Glycosides and saponins in water extract only. TLC of hexane extract was performed on the solvent system hexane: ethyl acetate 1:1. Detection of spots was done using dragendorff’s reagent and two spots was observed at visible light. Rf value was calculated to be 0.7 and 0.86 respectively of both the spots. Antibacterial study was done using Hexane, Ethanol and Water extract dissolve in DMSO 3% by cup-plate method. It was performed against both gram negative (Escherichia coli) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The activity was found to be equivalent to that of standard reference (Streptomycine-2mg/ml). The Hexane extract was found to have higher inhibition than other extracts. The bark extracts exhibited marketed dose dependent antimicrobial activity in-vitro against both gram bacteria and can be used as a good therapeutic approach for infection disease management and therapy.