Epidemiology and diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis: A review

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis caused by micro oocysts of protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium sp. is an emerging zoonotic infection in livestock and human. Major illness caused by Cryptosporidium in livestock is neonatal diarrhoea syndrome and the infection is mainly transmitted through contaminated feed and water. It is known as one of the most common water and foodborne diseases. This review highlights the epidemiology and diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants. Oocyst stage is of primary importance for detection of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic species, responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. It is considered as a major public health significance. Since there is a limited availability of effective drugs to treat the infection, control of cryptosporidiosis relies mainly on hygienic measures and by creating necessary awareness among the general public.